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GE-101 Lecture Outline (Rance)

(60% of your final grade will be based on
Good attendance (More than two absences will earn a UW grade)
(S) SPOT QUIZ (hand in and for a grade and attendance)
(T) TOPIC for discussion
(D) DIARY of key points and new words to remember
      (email me a one-page digest of your diary each week for a grade)
(E) EXAMINATION A Lecture Final During Lab hours, June 30)
comprehensive of
Concept Review,Visualizing Geology, Thinking Geologically, and Quick Quiz.
Field trip makeup

The morning lecture outline:

Monday June 7, 2004, 9:00 am to 11:40 am

S1 Definitions (geology, physical geology, and historical geology)
People (Ussher, Toplady, Hutton, Playfair)
Ideas (Catastrophism, Uniforemitarianism)

(short break)

T1 Scientific method (observation, hypothesis, theory)

(short break)

D1 Describe the significance of geologic time, the Rock Cycle, and Earth's origin.
Describe Earth's interior layers and processes which formed them.
Define the terms rock and mineral and compare and contrast them.



Tuesday June 8, 2004, 9:00 am to 11:40 am

S2 Describe the structure of an atom.
Explain how atoms structure minerals.
List and describe some common silicate minerals.
List and describe some nonsilicate minerals.

(short break)

T2 Asbestos (correspondence) (house for sale)

(short break)

D2 Distinguish magma vs. lava, intrusive vs. extrusive, and plutonic vs. volcanic.
Explain Bowen's reaction series and magmatic differentiation.



Wednesday June 9, 2004, 9:00 am to 11:40 am

S3 Explain whydifferent textured igneous rocks of the same compostion have
     differnt names
Distinguish between granitic, andesitic, and basaltic rocks.
List and describe types of igneous plutons.

(short break)

T3 In living with volcanoes, what is the importance of viscosity and dissolved
gasses in volcanic eruptions.

(short break)

D3 Name materials extruded during an eruption.
List types of volcanoes by their physical features and lava types.
Describe pyroclastic flows.
Describe the relationship between volcanoes and plate tectonics.



Thursday June 10, 2004, 9:00 am to 11:40 am

S4 Define weathering, mass wasting, and erosion.
Define mechanical weathering and explain the roles of frost wedging,
     unloading, thermal expansion, and organic activity.
Define chemical weathering and explain dissolution, oxidation, hydrolysis,
     and alterations caused by chemical weathering.

(short break)

T4 Soil separation into its sand, silt, and clay components, and classification.

(short break)

D4 List and explain the factors that control the rate of weathering.
Define soil and describe factors that control soil formation.
Describe the soil profile and the origin of the soil horizons.



Monday June 14, 2004, 9:00 am to 11:40 am

S5 Describe the two types of glaciers.
Discuss the formation and movement of glaciers.
Explain that bedrock is not weathered by glaciers but is eroded.
Discuss the types of glacial deposits.

(short break)

T5 List observations from which Agassiz inferred a prehistorical Ice Age.
Describe de Geer’s test of Agassiz’s Ice Age hypothesis.

(short break)

D5 Describe several landforms created by glacial erosion.
Describe several landforms created by glacial deposits.
Identify some of the indirect effects of Ice-Age glaciers.
Discuss some predictive models of recurrent glacial ages.



Tuesday June 15, 2004, 9:00 am to 11:40 am

S6 Explain what a sedimentary rock is.
Describe how sediment becomes a sedimentary rock.
Explain how sedimentary rocks are classified.
List and describe several different detrital and chemical sedimentary rocks.        .

(short break)

T6 Discuss sedimentary environments.
List and describe several different sedimentary structures.
Describe the significance of fossils in sedimentary rocks.

(short break)

D6 Discuss nonmetallic minerals from sedimentary rocks.
Discuss energy resources from sedimentary rocks.



Wednesday June 16, 2004, Field Trip (pdf) 9:00 am to 5:00 pm WEAR SHOES FORWALKING,
BRING A BAG LUNCH, CAMERA, NOTEBOOK & PENCIL. (raindate is tomorrow)

Stop 1 Morning 9am Pick-up at QC SB entrance gate (bus pulls away at 9:15am sharp)

Stop 2 Morning Drop-off at Cloisters Museum entrance (see map)

Stop 3 Noonish (lunchtime) Pick-up at Washington Heights entrance to Fort Tryon Park

Stop 4 After lunch Drop-off at Seaman Avenue south entrance to Inwood Hill Park

Stop 5 Afternoon Pick-up at Inwood Marble at Isham Park at about
3:30pm to return to QC by 5pm



Thursday June 17, 2004, 9:00 am to 11:40 am

S8 Metamorphism and metamorphic rocks.
Define metamorphism.
List and describe the agents of metamorphism.

(short break)

T8 Describe making bricks, pottery and ceramics
and consider "free” silica exposure hazards.

(short break)

D8 Describe the two textural divisions of metamorphic rocks.
List and describe the most common metamorphic rocks.
Discuss the three metamorphic environments.and list some polymorphic minerals



Monday June 21, 2004, 9:00 am to 11:40 am

Mass Wasting: The Work of Gravity

S9 Define mass wasting and discuss the role the process plays in landform development.
List and describe the controls and triggers of mass wasting.
Describe types of mass wasting, including
     slump, rockslide, debris flow, earthflow, creep, and solifluction.

(short break)

T9 Discuss mass wasting in terms of human concern.
Explain the cause of submarine landslides

(short break)

Running Water

S10 Describe the hydrologic cycle in detail.
Discuss streamflow and the changes in streamflow that occur from upstream to downstream.
Explain the concept of graded streams..



Tuesday June 22, 2004, 9:00 am to 11:40 am

Running Water (cont.)

D10 List and describe the features of both narrow and wide stream valleys.
Describe the various types of drainage networks and drainage patterns.
Discuss the causes of floods and the methods used for flood control.

(short break)

Groundwater

S11 Discuss the importance of groundwater as a resource and as a geological agent.
Define the water table.
Explain how porosity and permeability relate to the movement of groundwater.
Describe springs, geysers, wells, and artesian wells.

(short break)

T11 List some environmental problems associated with groundwater.
Discuss the factors that contribute to groundwater contamination.
Describe and list several features that are produced by groundwater activity.



Wednesday June 23, 2004, 9:00 am to 11:40 am

12 Deserts and Wind

S12 List and describe the ways that wind transports sediment.
List and discuss the various types of wind deposits.
Discuss the geologic processes at work in arid climates.

(short break)

T12 Describe circulation of the atmosphere as understood by Maury, Ferrel, and today
Distinguish between land- and sea-breezes and monsoons
Account for the distribution of Earth's deserts.

(short break)

13 Shorelines

D13 Explain why the shoreline is considered a dynamic interface.
Discuss the types and characteristics of waves.
Explain how waves erode.
Define wave refraction and longshore transport.



Thursday June 24, 2004, 9:00 am to 11:40 am

13 Shorelines (cont.)

D13 Identify common shoreline features.
Describe some of the common shoreline erosion problems.
List the distinguishing features of emergent and submergent coasts.
Explain the causes of tides and describe the difference between spring and neap tides.

(short break)

14 The Ocean Floor

S14 Discuss the extent of the world ocean.
Describe differences between passive and active continental margins.
Diagram a typical passive continental margin, showing in their proper locations
    the continental shelf, the shelf break, the continental slope, and the continental rise.
Discuss submarine canyons, turbidity currents, and turbidites.
List, describe, and illustrate the features of a typical deep-ocean basin.
List and describe the general types of seafloor sediments

(short break)

T14 Discuss Darwin's theory of atolls.



Monday June 28, 2004, 9:00 am to 11:40 am

15 Earthquakes and Earth's Interior

S15 Describe what an earthquake is and what causes it.
Discuss four types of seismic waves and the instrument used to record them.
Explain how layers in the Earth's interior can bedetected by seismic imaging and refraction.
Describe the differences between continental and oceanic crust.
Explain how waves emitted during an earthquake image the Earth's core.

(short break)

T15 Describe how the epicenter and the focus (hypocenter) of an earthquake can be located.
Locate the principal earthquake zones on Earth.

(short break)

D15 Compare Richter and Mercalli earthquake scales.and discuss the practical value of each.



Tuesday June 29, 2004, 9:00 am to 11:40 am

16 Plate Tectonics

S16 List and describe the three types of plate boundaries.
Discuss evidence used to support the plate tectonics theory.
Describe possible driving mechanisms for plate motion.

(short break)

T16 Describe continental drift.
List evidence used to support the theory and objections to each.
Discuss how plate tectonics differs from ontinental drift..

(short break)

17 Mountain Building

S17 List and describe the two basic types of rock deformation.
Discuss the most common types of folds and faults.
Compare Aleutian- and Andean-type mountain building.
Explain how continental accretion relates to mountain building.
Discuss the concept of isostasy and its relation to mountain building.



Wednesday June 30, 2004, 9:00 am to 11:40 am

18 Geologic Time

S12 Explain the difference between numerical and relative dates.
List the principles that are used to determine the relative ages of rock units.

(short break)

T12 Discuss four different types of unconformities.

(short break)

D13 Define a fossil and list the conditions that favor the preservation of organisms as fossils.
Describe how fossils are used to correlate rock units of similar ages in different places.
Describe radioactivity and the concept of radiometric halflife.
Explain how radiometric dating can determine numerical dates for geological events.
Explain why it is difficult to assign reliable absolute dates to samples of sedimentary rock.
Discuss the geologic time scale.

Monday June 7, 2004, 9:00 am to 11:40 am
S1	Definitions (geology, physical geology, and historical geology) People (Ussher, Toplady, Hutton, Playfair) Ideas (Catastrophism, Uniforemitarianism)
(short break)
T1	Scientific method (observation, hypothesis, theory)
(short break)
D1	Describe the significance of geologic time, the Rock Cycle, and Earth's origin. Describe Earth's interior layers and processes which formed them. Define the terms rock and mineral and compare and contrast them.

Tuesday June 8, 2004, 9:00 am to 11:40 am
S2	Describe the structure of an atom. Explain how atoms structure minerals. List and describe some common silicate minerals. List and describe some nonsilicate minerals.
(short break)
T2	Asbestos (correspondence) (house for sale)
(short break)
D2	Distinguish magma vs. lava, intrusive vs. extrusive, and plutonic vs. volcanic. Explain Bowen's reaction series and magmatic differentiation.

Wednesday June 9, 2004, 9:00 am to 11:40 am
S3	Explain whydifferent textured igneous rocks of the same compostion have differnt names Distinguish between granitic, andesitic, and basaltic rocks. List and describe types of igneous plutons.
(short break)
T3	In living with volcanoes, what is the importance of viscosity and dissolved gasses in volcanic eruptions.
(short break)
D3	Name materials extruded during an eruption. List types of volcanoes by their physical features and lava types. Describe pyroclastic flows. Describe the relationship between volcanoes and plate tectonics.

Thursday June 10, 2004, 9:00 am to 11:40 am
S4	Define weathering, mass wasting, and erosion. Define mechanical weathering and explain the roles of frost wedging, unloading, thermal expansion, and organic activity. Define chemical weathering and explain dissolution, oxidation, hydrolysis, and alterations caused by chemical weathering.
(short break)
T4	Soil separation into its sand, silt, and clay components, and classification.
(short break)
D4	List and explain the factors that control the rate of weathering. Define soil and describe factors that control soil formation. Describe the soil profile and the origin of the soil horizons.

Monday June 14, 2004, 9:00 am to 11:40 am
S5	Describe the two types of glaciers. Discuss the formation and movement of glaciers. Explain that bedrock is not weathered by glaciers but is eroded. Discuss the types of glacial deposits.
(short break)
T5	List observations from which Agassiz inferred a prehistorical Ice Age. Describe de Geer’s test of Agassiz’s Ice Age hypothesis.
(short break)
D5	Describe several landforms created by glacial erosion. Describe several landforms created by glacial deposits. Identify some of the indirect effects of Ice-Age glaciers. Discuss some predictive models of recurrent glacial ages.

Tuesday June 15, 2004, 9:00 am to 11:40 am
S6	Explain what a sedimentary rock is. Describe how sediment becomes a sedimentary rock. Explain how sedimentary rocks are classified. List and describe several different detrital and chemical sedimentary rocks. .
(short break)
T6	Discuss sedimentary environments. List and describe several different sedimentary structures. Describe the significance of fossils in sedimentary rocks.
(short break)
D6	Discuss nonmetallic minerals from sedimentary rocks. Discuss energy resources from sedimentary rocks.

Wednesday June 16, 2004, Field Trip (pdf) 9:00 am to 5:00 pm WEAR SHOES FORWALKING, BRING A BAG LUNCH, CAMERA, NOTEBOOK & PENCIL. (raindate is tomorrow)
Stop 1	Morning 9am Pick-up at QC SB entrance gate (bus pulls away at 9:15am sharp)
Stop 2	Morning Drop-off at Cloisters Museum entrance (see map)
Stop 3	Noonish (lunchtime) Pick-up at Washington Heights entrance to Fort Tryon Park
Stop 4	After lunch Drop-off at Seaman Avenue south entrance to Inwood Hill Park
Stop 5	Afternoon Pick-up at Inwood Marble at Isham Park at about 3:30pm to return to QC by 5pm

Thursday June 17, 2004, 9:00 am to 11:40 am
S8	Metamorphism and metamorphic rocks. Define metamorphism. List and describe the agents of metamorphism.
(short break)
T8	Describe making bricks, pottery and ceramics and consider "free” silica exposure hazards.
(short break)
D8	Describe the two textural divisions of metamorphic rocks. List and describe the most common metamorphic rocks. Discuss the three metamorphic environments.and list some polymorphic minerals

Monday June 21, 2004, 9:00 am to 11:40 am
Mass Wasting: The Work of Gravity
S9	Define mass wasting and discuss the role the process plays in landform development. List and describe the controls and triggers of mass wasting. Describe types of mass wasting, including slump, rockslide, debris flow, earthflow, creep, and solifluction.
(short break)
T9	Discuss mass wasting in terms of human concern. Explain the cause of submarine landslides
(short break)
Running Water
S10	Describe the hydrologic cycle in detail. Discuss streamflow and the changes in streamflow that occur from upstream to downstream. Explain the concept of graded streams..

Tuesday June 22, 2004, 9:00 am to 11:40 am
Running Water (cont.)
D10	List and describe the features of both narrow and wide stream valleys. Describe the various types of drainage networks and drainage patterns. Discuss the causes of floods and the methods used for flood control.
(short break)
Groundwater
S11	Discuss the importance of groundwater as a resource and as a geological agent. Define the water table. Explain how porosity and permeability relate to the movement of groundwater. Describe springs, geysers, wells, and artesian wells.
(short break)
T11	List some environmental problems associated with groundwater. Discuss the factors that contribute to groundwater contamination. Describe and list several features that are produced by groundwater activity.

Wednesday June 23, 2004, 9:00 am to 11:40 am
12 Deserts and Wind
S12	List and describe the ways that wind transports sediment. List and discuss the various types of wind deposits. Discuss the geologic processes at work in arid climates.
(short break)
T12	Describe circulation of the atmosphere as understood by Maury, Ferrel, and today Distinguish between land- and sea-breezes and monsoons Account for the distribution of Earth's deserts.
(short break)
13 Shorelines
D13	Explain why the shoreline is considered a dynamic interface. Discuss the types and characteristics of waves. Explain how waves erode. Define wave refraction and longshore transport.

Thursday June 24, 2004, 9:00 am to 11:40 am
13 Shorelines (cont.)
D13	Identify common shoreline features. Describe some of the common shoreline erosion problems. List the distinguishing features of emergent and submergent coasts. Explain the causes of tides and describe the difference between spring and neap tides.
(short break)
14 The Ocean Floor
S14	Discuss the extent of the world ocean. Describe differences between passive and active continental margins. Diagram a typical passive continental margin, showing in their proper locations the continental shelf, the shelf break, the continental slope, and the continental rise. Discuss submarine canyons, turbidity currents, and turbidites. List, describe, and illustrate the features of a typical deep-ocean basin. List and describe the general types of seafloor sediments
(short break)
T14	Discuss Darwin's theory of atolls.

Monday June 28, 2004, 9:00 am to 11:40 am
15 Earthquakes and Earth's Interior
S15	Describe what an earthquake is and what causes it. Discuss four types of seismic waves and the instrument used to record them. Explain how layers in the Earth's interior can bedetected by seismic imaging and refraction. Describe the differences between continental and oceanic crust. Explain how waves emitted during an earthquake image the Earth's core.
(short break)
T15	Describe how the epicenter and the focus (hypocenter) of an earthquake can be located. Locate the principal earthquake zones on Earth.
(short break)
D15	Compare Richter and Mercalli earthquake scales.and discuss the practical value of each.

Tuesday June 29, 2004, 9:00 am to 11:40 am
16 Plate Tectonics
S16	List and describe the three types of plate boundaries. Discuss evidence used to support the plate tectonics theory. Describe possible driving mechanisms for plate motion.
(short break)
T16	Describe continental drift. List evidence used to support the theory and objections to each. Discuss how plate tectonics differs from ontinental drift..
(short break)
17 Mountain Building
S17	List and describe the two basic types of rock deformation. Discuss the most common types of folds and faults. Compare Aleutian- and Andean-type mountain building. Explain how continental accretion relates to mountain building. Discuss the concept of isostasy and its relation to mountain building.

Wednesday June 30, 2004, 9:00 am to 11:40 am
18 Geologic Time
S12	Explain the difference between numerical and relative dates. List the principles that are used to determine the relative ages of rock units.
(short break)
T12	Discuss four different types of unconformities.
(short break)
D13	Define a fossil and list the conditions that favor the preservation of organisms as fossils. Describe how fossils are used to correlate rock units of similar ages in different places. Describe radioactivity and the concept of radiometric halflife. Explain how radiometric dating can determine numerical dates for geological events. Explain why it is difficult to assign reliable absolute dates to samples of sedimentary rock. Discuss the geologic time scale.